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Fort Winiary From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Part of the remaining fortifications: Ravelin?I Bastion I
Fort Winiary was part of Festung Posen ("Fortress Pozna¨½" , a system of defensive fortifications around the city built under Prussian rule in the 19th century. It was the main fort in that system, and was among the first elements to be constructed. Detailed plans were approved on 21 February 1829, and the name "Fort Winiary" soon came to be applied, as the fort was situated on a hill where there were two villages called Winiary (the name alluding to the vine cultivation which had once taken place there). The fort would later become popularly known as Pozna¨½'s citadel (cytadela).
On 10 October 1829 an order was made restricting civilian building in a strip in front of the planned fort. In May and June 1830, the villages of Winiary and the nearby Bonin farm were evacuated, the inhabitants being moved to an area to the north-west (Neu Winiary). This is the neighbourhood known as Winiary today, part of the city's Je?yce district (there is also an estate there named Bonin).
The fort had a main reduit (Kernwerk) on the southern (city) side, flanked by four redoubts (Redoute I and Redoute II to the west; Redoute IV and Redoute III to the east). At the eastern and western extremes were Ravelin I and Ravelin IV. The northern side of the fort consisted of (from west to east) Bastion I, Ravelin II, Bastion II, Ravelin III and Bastion III. The first and third redoubt were the first to be completed, in 1830, and the main r¨¦duit was finished in 1832. In 1834 three infantry battalions were garrisoned there. The third and fourth ravelins were finished in 1838 and 1839, completing the fort.
On 15 October 1856 the bastions were renamed Bastion Johann, Bastion Leopold and Bastion Ludwig, these being the forenames of the chief architect of Festung Posen and of the fort itself, Johann Leopold Ludwig Brese (later von Brese¨CWiniary).
Between 1865 and 1873 work was done to reinforce the fort's powder stores (Kriegs-Pulver-Magazin No. 1 and No. 2). In the early 1890s an artillery laboratory (Spezial-Kriegs-Laboratorium) was built within the fort, and in 1903 a telegraph station was added. The fort was further reinforced in 1910.
Unlike the bulk of the city's inner fortifications, Fort Winiary was not demolished during the early twentieth century. It served as the German army's last point of resistance in the Battle of Pozna¨½ (1945), and was finally taken by the Red Army on 23 February 1945. The main r¨¦duit was seriously damaged in the fighting.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fort Winiary <edit> References Jacek Biesiadka, Andrzej Gawlak, Szymon Kucharski, Mariusz Wojciechowski: Twierdza Pozna¨½. O fortyfikacjach miasta Poznania w XIX i XX wieku, Pozna¨½ 2006, Wydawnictwo Rawelin, ISBN 83-915340-2-2
Commonwealth War Graves Commission: Pozna¨½ Old Garrison Cemetery
v
t
e Pozna¨½ Districts Stare Miasto
Old Town
Winogrady
Pi?tkowo
Morasko
Nowe Miasto
Ostr¨®w Tumski
?r¨®dka
Rataje
Je?yce
Podolany
Strzeszyn
Kiekrz
Grunwald
Wilda
Administrative division Attractions Cathedral
Old Town Hall
Royal Castle
Imperial Castle
St. John's Church
Raczy¨½ski Library
?wi?ty Marcin
Royal-Imperial Route
Cytadela
Forts
City Stadium
Arena
Pi?tkowo transmitter
Stary Browar
Trams
Lake Malta
Lake Rusa?ka
Kiekrz Lake
Morasko meteorite reserve Events History of Pozna¨½
Greater Poland Uprising (1918¨C1919)
Posen speeches
Battle of Pozna¨½ (1945)
Pozna¨½ 1956 protests
Coordinates: 52¡ã25¡ä16¡åN 16¡ã56¡ä07¡åE? / ?52.4211¡ãN 16.9353¡ãE? / 52.4211; 16.9353
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